Derivation adalah suatu proses pembentukan kata melalui penambahan affix (imbuhan), yang dapat berupa prefix (awalan) dan atau suffix (akhiran). Kata baru yang dihasilkan akan memiliki arti yang berbeda dari kata dasarnya.
Contoh Derivation:
· Noun : threefold= threeroot + foldsuffix
· Verb : enclose= enprefix + closeroot
· Adjective : interchangeable= interprefix + changeroot + ablesuffix
· Adverb : retell= reprefix + tellroot
Macam-macam Derivation
Macam-macam derivation pada part of speech adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.
· Noun derivation, contoh: intimacy, constant, dan fishery.
· Adjective derivation, contoh: silken, lifelike, dan fragile.
· Verb derivation, contoh: studied, widen, dan flicker.
· Adverb derivation, contoh: along, tightly, dan anywhere.
1. Noun Derivation
Noun drivation adalah kata benda yang terbentuk dari proses pembentukan kata turunan dimana noun hasil bentukan tersebut akan memiliki makna berbeda dari kata dasarnya.
Noun Derivation List
Contoh noun derivation beserta noun affixes, baik suffix (akhiran) maupun prefix (awalan) dapat dilihat pada tabel seperti berikut ini.
No.
|
Noun Affixes (Suffix/prefix)
|
Contoh Noun Derivation
|
1
|
-acy, -cy
|
conspiracy, intimacy, supremacy
|
2
|
-age
|
courage, marriage, tonnage
|
3
|
-al
|
disposal, emotional, refferal
|
4
|
-an, -ian
|
electrician, guardian, technician
|
5
|
-ance, -ence
|
clearance, independance, tolerance
|
6
|
-ancy, -ency
|
brilliancy, consistency, expectancy
|
7
|
-ant, -ent
|
astringent, constant, pleasant
|
8
|
-ary
|
revolutionary, visionary
|
9
|
-ate
|
nitrate, delegate, magistrate
|
10
|
-ation, -tion
|
imagination, supremation, specialization
|
11
|
-dom
|
freedom, kingdom, officialdom
|
12
|
-er, -or
|
painter, sailor, worker, computer
|
13
|
-(e)ry
|
bakery, fishery, trickery
|
14
|
-ess
|
goddess, lioness, waitress
|
15
|
-ful
|
mouthful, spoonful
|
16
|
-hood
|
brotherhood, childhood, likelihood
|
17
|
-ia
|
anemia, reptilia, romania
|
18
|
-iatry
|
psychiatry, podiatry
|
19
|
-ics, -c
|
economics, mathematics, politics
|
20
|
-ice
|
malice, notice
|
21
|
-ing
|
building, reading, running
|
22
|
-ion
|
abduction, demonstration, description
|
23
|
-ism
|
despotism, intellectualism, realism
|
24
|
-ist
|
novelist, realist, socialist
|
25
|
-ite
|
dynamite, sulfite, vulcanite
|
26
|
-ity, -ty
|
purity, royalty, thirty
|
27
|
-ive
|
destructive, passive, sportive
|
28
|
-ment
|
apartment, development, development
|
29
|
-ness
|
carelessness, happiness, inclusiveness
|
30
|
-ory
|
excretory, sensory, territory
|
31
|
-ship
|
fellowship, friendship, relationship
|
31
|
-t
|
weight
|
33
|
-th
|
depth, length, strength
|
34
|
-ure
|
departure, exposure, pressure
|
35
|
-y
|
carpentry, infamy, society
|
2. Adjective Derivation
Adjective derivationadalah adjective (kata sifat) yang terbentuk dari proses pembentukan kata turunan dimana adjective hasil bentukan tersebut akan memiliki makna berbeda dari kata dasarnya.
Adjective Derivation List
Contoh adjective derivation dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.
No.
|
Noun Affixes (Suffix/prefix)
|
Contoh Adjective Derivation
|
1
|
-able, -ble
|
changeable, credible, readable, questionable, workable
|
2
|
-al, -ial, -ical
|
aboriginal, l, periodical, procedural, territorial, theorical
|
3
|
-ant, -ent, -ient
|
convenient, different, exultant, ignorant, important, observant
|
4
|
-ar, -ary
|
singular, spectacular, unitary
|
5
|
-ate
|
fortunate, intimate, latinate, passionate, separate
|
6
|
-ed
|
bearded, bored, coordinated, melted, monied, tender-hearted
|
7
|
-en
|
silken
|
8
|
-er
|
easier, faster, happier, prettier, quicker, smarter
|
9
|
-est
|
biggest, brightest, hardest, luckiest, smartest, strongest
|
10
|
-ful
|
beautiful, delightful, hopeful, hurtful, playful, useful
|
11
|
-ic
|
empiric, energetic, enthusiastic, generic, periodic, romantic
|
12
|
-ile
|
fragile, projectile, volatile
|
13
|
-ing
|
absorbing, blushing, charming, encouraging, interesting,
|
14
|
-ish
|
boyish, brownish, childish, newish, reddish, snobbish
|
15
|
-istic
|
characteristic, communistic, impressionistic, meterialistic,
|
16
|
-ive, -ative, -itive
|
abusive, cooperative, festive, initiative, instinctive, sensitive,
|
17
|
-less
|
careless, hopeless, motiveless, priceless, tasteless, useless
|
18
|
-like
|
childlike, ladylike, lifelike
|
19
|
-ly
|
friendly, kindly, lively, lovely, neighborly, womanly
|
20
|
-ous, -eous, -ose, -ious
|
adventurous, gaseous, mysterious, momentous, religious,
|
21
|
-ward
|
backward, heavenward
|
22
|
-wide
|
communitywide, worldwide
|
23
|
-y
|
brainy, dreamy, juicy, rumbly, shaky, windy
|
3. Verb Derivation
Verb derivation adalah kata kerja yang terbentuk dari proses pembentukan kata turunan dimana verb hasil bentukan tersebut akan memiliki makna berbeda dari kata dasarnya.
Verb Derivation List
Beberapa contoh verb derivation dengan noun affixes (baik suffix (akhiran) maupun prefix (awalan))-nya dapat dilihat pada tabel sepertisebagai berikut.
No.
|
Noun Affixes (Suffix/prefix)
|
Contoh Verb Derivation
|
1
|
-ate
|
activate, communicate, validate
|
2
|
-ed
|
studied, talked, walked
|
3
|
-en
|
blacked, heighten, widen
|
4
|
-er
|
flicker, shiver
|
5
|
-ify
|
beautify, justivy, intensivy
|
6
|
-ing
|
browsing, swimming, walking
|
7
|
-ize
|
centralize, criticize, sympathize
|
8
|
en-
|
enclose, endanger, enlarge
|
9
|
be-
|
befriend, behappy
|
4. Adverb Derivation
Adveb derivation adalah kata keterangan yang terbentuk dari proses pembentukan kata turunan dimana adverb hasil bentukan tersebut akan mempunyai arti yang berbeda dari kata dasarnya.
Adverb Derivation List
Contoh adverb yang terbentuk dari proses ini dapat dilihat pada tabel di bawah ini.
No.
|
Noun Affixes (Suffix/prefix)
|
Contoh Adverb Derivation
|
1
|
a-
|
along, aside, away
|
2
|
-ever
|
whenever, wherever
|
3
|
-fold
|
threefold
|
4
|
-ily
|
explanatorily, fairily, happily
|
5
|
-ly
|
clearly, tightly, validly
|
6
|
-place
|
someplace, everyplace
|
7
|
-ward
|
backwards, frontwards, shorewards
|
8
|
-where
|
anywhere, somewhere
|
9
|
-wise
|
clockwise, likewise, profitwise
|
Contoh Derivation antar Part of Speech
Contoh kata turunan dari kata inform (verb) dan active (adjective) adalah sebagai berikut.
Inform (verb)
· Information (Noun), dengan menambahkan suffix —> -ation
· Informative (Adjective), dengan menambahkan suffix —> -ative
· Informatively (Adverb), dengan menambahkan suffix —> -ative dan -ly
Active (adjective)
· Activate (Verb), dengan menambahkan suffix —> -ate
· Activation (Noun), dengan menambahkan suffix —> -ation
· Actively (Adverb), dengan menambahkan suffix —> -ly
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